前言 2
引言 3
1 范圍 4
2 引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 4
3 術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義 3
4 管理要求 6
4.1 組織與管理 6
4.2 質(zhì)量管理體系 6
4.3 文件控制 8
4.4 合約評(píng)審 8
4.5 委外檢驗(yàn) 9
4.6 外部服務(wù)與供應(yīng) 9
4.7 咨詢(xún)服務(wù) 10
4.8 抱怨處理 10
4.9 不符合的識(shí)別和控制 10
4.10 糾正措施 10
4.11 預(yù)防措施 11
4.12 持續(xù)改進(jìn) 11
4.13 質(zhì)量與技術(shù)記錄 11
4.14 內(nèi)部審核 12
4.15 管理評(píng)審 12
5 技術(shù)要求 13
5.1 人員 13
5.2 設(shè)施與環(huán)境條件 14
5.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備 15
5.4 檢驗(yàn)前程序 16
5.5 檢驗(yàn)程序 18
5.6 檢驗(yàn)過(guò)程的質(zhì)量保證 20
5.7 檢驗(yàn)后程序 20
5.8 結(jié)果報(bào)告 21
附錄A:ISO 9001:2000與ISO/IEC 17025:1999的相關(guān)性(略)
附錄B:保護(hù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室信息系統(tǒng)的建議(略)
附錄C:檢驗(yàn)醫(yī)學(xué)的道德規(guī)范(略)
參考文獻(xiàn)(略)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15189 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 212, Clinical laboratory testing and in vitro diagnostic test systems.
引 言 Introduction
本國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以ISO/IEC 17025和ISO 9001為基礎(chǔ),提出了對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室能力和質(zhì)量的特殊要求。國(guó)際上公認(rèn),一個(gè)國(guó)家可以制定針對(duì)該領(lǐng)域部分或全部專(zhuān)業(yè)人員及其活動(dòng)和責(zé)任的特殊法規(guī)或要求。
醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的工作屬于基本的醫(yī)療服務(wù),應(yīng)當(dāng)滿(mǎn)足所有病人的、臨床醫(yī)護(hù)人員的需求。除了安全和倫理道德的考慮之外,醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)的工作內(nèi)容包括:檢驗(yàn)申請(qǐng),患者準(zhǔn)備,患者識(shí)別,臨床標(biāo)本的采集、運(yùn)送、保存、處理、檢測(cè),檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果的確認(rèn)、解釋、報(bào)告和建議。
只要國(guó)家法規(guī)許可,醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的工作包括為會(huì)診病例提供檢驗(yàn)咨詢(xún)。除了參與診斷和治療,還應(yīng)當(dāng)積極參與疾病預(yù)防。每一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室還應(yīng)當(dāng)為其專(zhuān)業(yè)人員提供適當(dāng)?shù)慕逃涂蒲袡C(jī)會(huì)。
本國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為目前公認(rèn)的醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)各專(zhuān)業(yè)而制定,對(duì)其他專(zhuān)業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō),本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也是有用的和適合的。此外,與醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室能力認(rèn)可相關(guān)的機(jī)構(gòu),可以采用本國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為認(rèn)可活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)于尋求認(rèn)證的實(shí)驗(yàn)室來(lái)說(shuō),當(dāng)然應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇一個(gè)采用適當(dāng)?shù)膰?guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并且考慮醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室特殊要求的認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)。
在制定本國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)期間,ISO 9001和ISO/IEC 17025正在修訂,因此無(wú)法在本國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中準(zhǔn)確體現(xiàn)上述文件的格式和風(fēng)格。不過(guò),本國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的附錄A列出了ISO 15189第一版與ISO 9001:2000及ISO/IEC 17025:1999條款和子條款之間的相關(guān)性。
本國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的第二版將會(huì)與ISO/IEC 17025第二版及 ISO 9001:2000更加協(xié)調(diào)一致。此外,相關(guān)學(xué)科的術(shù)語(yǔ)的變化,產(chǎn)生了不同的表達(dá)方式,導(dǎo)致相同的術(shù)語(yǔ)(如“敏感性”)在不同的學(xué)科具有完全不同的含義。另外,與本國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相關(guān)的ISO/IEC導(dǎo)則58已經(jīng)計(jì)劃被ISO/IEC 17011取代。ISO 15189的第二版將全面考慮這些問(wèn)題。
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